What is Menorrhagia?
Menorrhagia means heavy or long-lasting menstrual bleeding. Many women experience this at some point. However, if you need to change pads or tampons every hour for several hours, you may have menorrhagia. In the United States, this condition affects many women each year. Early diagnosis and treatment for menorrhagia can help improve your quality of life.
Common Symptoms of Menorrhagia
Not every heavy period means you have menorrhagia. Still, some signs can help you know when to seek help. For example, you may notice:Bleeding that soaks through one or more pads or tampons every hour for several hoursNeeding to use double sanitary protectionWaking up at night to change padsPeriods lasting longer than seven daysPassing large blood clots during your periodFeeling tired, weak, or short of breath (signs of anemia)
Because these symptoms can affect your daily life, it is important to track your periods and talk to your doctor if you notice changes.
Causes of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
There are many possible causes of heavy menstrual bleeding. Sometimes, the cause is clear. Other times, doctors may need to run tests to find out more. Common causes include:Hormone imbalances, such as too much estrogen or not enough progesteroneUterine fibroids (non-cancerous growths in the uterus)Polyps (small growths on the lining of the uterus)Bleeding disorders, like von Willebrand diseaseThyroid problemsInfections of the uterus or cervixCertain medications, such as blood thinnersOther health conditions, including liver or kidney disease
Although these are common causes, sometimes no clear reason is found. According to the CDC, about half of women with menorrhagia have no obvious cause.
Diagnosis of Menorrhagia
Doctors use several steps to diagnose menorrhagia. First, they will ask about your medical history and menstrual cycles. Next, they may perform a physical exam. In addition, you may need tests such as:Blood tests to check for anemia or bleeding problemsPap smear to check for infections or changes in the cervixUltrasound to look at the uterus and ovariesEndometrial biopsy (taking a small sample of the uterine lining)
Because early diagnosis helps, it is important to share all your symptoms with your doctor. This way, you can get the right treatment for menorrhagia.
Treatment Options for Menorrhagia
Treatment for menorrhagia depends on the cause, your age, and your health. Your doctor may suggest:Iron supplements if you have anemiaNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce bleeding and painHormonal treatments, such as birth control pills or hormone-releasing IUDsTranexamic acid to help blood clottingProcedures to remove polyps or fibroidsEndometrial ablation (removing the lining of the uterus)Surgery, such as hysterectomy, in severe cases
Because each person is different, your doctor will help you choose the best option. Always ask for obstetrics and gynecology advice before starting any treatment.
Lifestyle Tips and Prevention
While you may not always prevent menorrhagia, some steps can help you manage heavy periods. For example:Track your menstrual cycles and symptomsEat a healthy diet rich in iron and vitaminsStay hydrated and rest when neededUse pads or tampons with higher absorbency if neededTalk to your doctor before taking new medicines
In addition, regular check-ups can help catch problems early. This way, you can manage heavy menstrual bleeding more easily.
When to See a Doctor
Although heavy periods are common, you should see a doctor if:You bleed through pads or tampons every hour for several hoursYour periods last longer than seven daysYou feel dizzy, weak, or short of breathYou pass large blood clotsYour daily life is affected by your periods
Because early treatment can prevent complications, do not wait to seek help. Your doctor can offer advice on how to manage heavy periods and improve your well-being.
Consult a healthcare specialist for personalized advice on managing menorrhagia.
